THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO SELECTING TRI-AXLE CHASSIS FOR YOUR SEMI-TRAILER

29 Oct, 2024

When it comes to heavy-duty transportation, the right choice of a tri-axle chassis can make all the difference in load management and performance on the road. With increased stability and better weight distribution, tri-axles are one of the wisest choices for semi-trailers carrying loads of considerable size. Some of the aspects that will be covered in this guide by Thaco Trailers include what a tri-axle chassis is and its benefits, types offered in the market, and how to select the perfect one for your specific needs.

1. What is a tri-axle chassis?

A tri-axle semi-trailer is a type of trailer that is designed with three axles at the rear for increased stability and weight distribution over long hauls. With this design, a trailer can carry heavier cargo than single or tandem-axle trailers. With three axles, the weight of the cargo extends over a greater area, putting less stress on any one axle to increase the life of the trailer and its tires.

It also enhances the agility and safety of this model, providing improved all-wheel-drive capabilities and control, particularly on slippery surfaces. One of the biggest challenges can just be maneuverability but most tri-axle trailers will have one or two steering axles where these pivots a little making getting into tight spaces easier. It also assists operators in meeting regional restrictions on maximum axle weight and take advantage of the load-carrying capability efficiency at the same time, ensuring cost efficiency related to wearing out roads.

What is a tri-axle?

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2. Why use a tri-axle for your semi-trailer?

A semi-trailer with a tri-axle has many uses, but one of them is especially useful for companies which transport heavy cargo or in areas with certain road regulations.

Increased Load Capacity: Tri-axles receive the built-in in order to carry further load which make them best-suited for industries that move heavier goods (such as construction materials, machinery, and bulk commodities). The third axle spreads the load weight over more axles and wheels, moving the kingpin further away from the pump station to raise the load capacity for the semi-trailer.
Enhanced stability: While tri-axle trailers may be harder to maneuver due to their larger size and additional axle, they offer better stability, especially when hauling heavier loads. The third axle helps increase traction, particularly on wet surfaces or inclined slopes, and provides greater control when driving in poor weather conditions or over rough terrain.
Reduced Wear and Tear: An additional axle distributes a load between the tyres of all axles more evenly, lessening the amount of wear and tear on the road pavement, which is important because axle load limits are set by regulations in order to prevent damaging infrastructure. Hence, a tri-axle configuration will enable you to meet the requirements and also achieve higher payload retention.
Versatility in cargo types: Tri-axle trailers are versatile and suitable for a broad range of cargo, including heavy machinery, construction materials or long-haul freight, making them an excellent option for operators who need to move several different types of loads.
Lower Operating Costs: Tri-axles allow semi-trailers to handle larger loads more efficiently, which leads to reduced operating expenses. With the weight distributed evenly across all axles, the load on each tire and brake is balanced, which not only extends the lifespan of tires but also reduces the maintenance cost for these components. Additionally, the improved balance and efficiency help optimize fuel consumption, further lowering your overall fuel expenses.

>> Read more: Thaco Trailers provides optimal transportation solutions for the North American market

3. Specialty Axles for Unique Needs

Beyond the reach of standard axles is where specialty tri-axles come into play, providing unique solutions for particular transport requirements. These axles are designed for specialized needs, offering enhanced performance in areas like carrying heavier loads, improved maneuverability, adapting to tough terrains, and withstanding harsh conditions during transportation.

To enhance maneuverability, especially in tight spaces, tri-axle configurations can be equipped with steerable axles. This feature is optional and particularly beneficial for heavy-duty trailers that need improved handling when turning or reversing in confined areas.

The self-leveling air suspension axle automatically maintains a stable ride height, regardless of unevenly distributed cargo. This system minimizes vibrations and shocks, improving overall vehicle performance. It also helps extend the lifespan of the tires and other components, making it ideal for transporting delicate or valuable items with reduced impact.

>> Read more: The Advantages of Using Combo Chassis in Transportation

4. Tri-Axles Technologies

Tri-axle technologies cover all the designs, components, and cool innovations used in trailers with three axles to boost performance, safety, and efficiency. From axle suspension systems and braking to steering mechanisms, there are plenty of enhancements to make these trailers run smoother and handle better.

4.1. Leaf Spring

The Leaf Spring is the classic go-to suspension system for tri-axle trailers. Made up of several layers of high-strength steel stacked into a curved shape, it’s designed to flex, absorb shocks, and handle heavy loads. It’s perfect for heavy-duty work where durability and simplicity are key.

In a tri-axle setup, each axle is linked to the chassis by a set of leaf springs that flex and adapt to the road, while an equalizer beam helps spread the weight evenly across all three axles. This means the trailer stays steady, even when hitting rough or uneven terrain.

While leaf spring suspensions are known for their ruggedness and cost-effectiveness, they have limited ride comfort compared to air suspensions and lack flexibility in suspension tuning. Despite these limitations, their low maintenance requirements and ability to perform reliably in harsh conditions make them a popular choice for industries where maximum payload and durability are priorities.

4.2. Torsion Axles

Torsion axles are a type of suspension system used in trailers, including tri-axle configurations, that rely on rubberized components inside the axle to provide shock absorption and support. Unlike traditional leaf springs, they offer a smoother ride by allowing each wheel to move independently, reducing vibrations and improving overall stability.

This design has a compact, low-profile structure, making torsion axles ideal for trailers and container chassis setups that need a lower deck height or maximized cargo space. With fewer moving parts and a sealed system, they require minimal maintenance, making them a cost-effective choice for light to medium-duty containers.

However, torsion axles come with some limitations, such as a lower weight capacity and less flexibility in adjusting container distribution or ride height. While they excel in applications where a smooth ride and low maintenance are priorities, they may not be the best option for trailers that frequently carry heavy containers or require adjustable suspension settings.

>> Read more: What is a shipping container chassis? Types and uses explained

4.3. Center Pivot (or Walking Beam)

The Center Pivot or Walking Beam Suspension is an advanced suspension technology intended for tri-axle trailers serving over rough or uneven terrain. In such a case, it would enable multiple axles to pivot at the center while serving with better weight distribution and stability in the process. Its suspension would have a large horizontal “walking beam” that links two or more axles together and lets them move independently, allowing them to maintain constant contact with the ground.

The walking beam suspension is made of heavy-duty material and is strong, durable, and low-maintenance; it has fewer moving parts than more complex systems. It performs well under heavy loads and rough conditions but it may offer bumpier ride and restrict height adjustments like air suspensions, which makes it less ideal for applications needing a smoother ride or adjustable clearance.

4.4. Unique or Less Common Options

Some specialty applications may require unique axle designs, such as air suspension systems, rubber block suspension or hydraulically adjustable axles. Each has its advantages and is designed to meet specific needs. For instance, air suspension offers a smoother ride and reduces cargo damage, while hydraulic axles are beneficial in height adjustment for load stability.

These unique or less common tri-axle technologies offer specialized advantages that may be particularly beneficial in certain niche applications, such as off-road transport, heavy-duty hauling, or specialized cargo transport. Although they are not widely used as traditional leaf spring or air suspension systems, they provide custom solutions to meet particular operational needs, improve performance, or reduce costs. Understanding the specific needs of your logistics can help determine if these options are worth considering.

Unique or Less Common Options

>> Read more: Semi-Trailers & Components Manufacturer – Thaco Trailers

5. Installation and Maintenance Tips

Proper installation of the tri-axle chassis is important in terms of factors such as safety and durability. The area of installation must be flat, on level, and free of debris to avoid misalignment and damaged axles. In addition, all the chassis components must be checked for any breakage or rust, and all the parts that can be greased must be lubricated according to the manufacturer’s instructions to decrease friction and wear during repair.

Chassis stability and lower wear and tear on the tires completely depend upon correct axle alignment and proper installation of the parts related to suspension. It is important that the tri-axles are aligned correctly with the appropriate alignment tools, keeping the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding axle spacing and suspension installation. Further, all the fasteners and connections should be tightened to the right torque to avoid mechanical failure, and both braking and electrical systems must be checked for proper installation.

Regular maintenance, however, is paramount in performance and longevity of the tri-axle chassis. Regular visual checks for wear, rust, or other damage to the chassis, axles, and suspension components should be performed. All moving parts in the trailer should be frequently lubricated, and grease fittings should always be clean and functional to deter the chances of its parts wearing out sooner than expected.

Pressure checking, tire rotation, and any cuts or punctures are also important in monitoring the health of the tire. The braking and suspension systems should be tested and maintained uniformly to make sure all parts within them are working correctly. Keeping thorough records of all inspections and repairs will be helpful in the long run by being able to track the condition of the chassis over time, maintain on-schedule maintenance, and even avoid costly repairs.

Installation and Maintenance Tips

>> Read more: Warranty Policy at Thaco Trailers

6. Top Manufacturers of Tri-Axles

While selecting a tri-axles for your semi-trailer, you notice there are various leading makers, each offering something different to the table.

Hendrickson: According to Hendrickson, Hendrickson is an international leader in designing and delivering medium- and heavy-duty suspension systems. Following the philosophy “The World Rides on Us,” this US-manufacturer has pledged further to deliver tri-axles as quality and safe solutions that let businesses advance global transportation.
Hadex: Hadex is one of the leading global suppliers in the commercial vehicle industry, focusing on sustainable brake systems and air suspension solutions. With the aid of advanced manufacturing processes, strict quality controls, and an emphasis on innovative engineering, after more than 130 years, Hadex ensures that the tri-axles are built for optimal performance.
SAF-Holland: SAF-Holland is a heavy-duty transport and trailer industry leading brand born out of the merger between the German Company Otto Sauer Achsenfabrik, generally known as SAF, and the North American Holland Group in 2006. Their attention to advanced engineering, utilization of top-grade materials, and commitment to innovation allow them to create robust and efficient tri-axles, making them a reliable choice for heavy-duty applications across diverse industries.
BPW: BPW or BPW Bergische Achsen KG, a major company involved in the heavy-duty transport and trailer industry, produces exceptionally good axle and suspension systems. With a strong emphasis on innovation, precision engineering, and top-quality materials, BPW makes sure that its tri-axles are durable, efficient, and specific to handle all the demands of such high-duty applications.
Gigant: Gigant is among the leading manufacturers of tri-axles based in Germany, particularly known for innovative axle and suspension solutions for commercial vehicles. Gigant has been producing high-quality tri-axles for more than 50 years with reliability and durability under extreme conditions thanks to advanced engineering and strong materials.
YORK: York Transport Equipment is one of the largest manufacturers in the heavy-duty transport and trailer segment and is itself a part of the York Group, focusing their products on axles, suspensions, and related components. With its roots tracing back to 1985, the focus of York has been on innovating and providing quality products, including increasingly advanced mechanical and air suspension systems, which further ensure high performance and durability for heavy-duty applications.

Top Manufacturers of Tri-Axles

Each of these manufacturers has something valuable to offer, depending on your specific needs and priorities.

>> Read more: Production Process at Thaco Trailers

7. Thaco Trailers provides high-quality tri-axle chassis to meet all your needs

Thaco Trailers has another competitive advantage in that materials and parts used for the Tri-Axle Chassis are of high standard quality, conforming to the standards set for quality under JIS and ASTM. In cooperation with suppliers such as Hendrickson, Hadex, SAF-Holland, and YORK, who have a good reputation in the world market, Thaco Trailers always ensures that we deliver the highest quality products to our customers. By monitoring data acquisition at optimum levels and machine operation control right from the raw material to quality checking on every stage of production optimally, it is assured that high-quality products will be delivered reliably.

Moreover, Thaco Trailers has the most diversified testing process, from full-scale tests of brake, electrical, and chassis systems to on-road tests in all kinds of road conditions. Annual production capacity reaches up to 30,000 units, thanks to modern technology along with ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 standard certification, ensuring the highest class of manufacturing quality and productivity. We further reduce legal risk and save the customer’s time by the fact that our seamless logistics services will cover swift customs clearance, meticulous supply chain management, and a transparent tracking system for customized solutions and specialized needs.

Thaco Trailers provides high-quality tri-axle chassis to meet all your needs

The right tri-axle for semi-trailer choice will no doubt determine the level of efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness concerning logistics operations of businesses. A study of various types, considering their needs, would help their business owner in selecting the best tri-axle chassis for optimization of their transport operations. If you want to look for more information about our container chassis, please visit our website or contact us directly and we will recommend the right container chassis for you.

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